COMPARISON OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AND DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPH DURING DATA STORAGE AND PROCESSING IN A DISTRIBUTED REGISTRY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0023.2020.01.18Keywords:
distributed registry technology, blockchain, directed acyclic graph, consensus, transaction, decentralizationAbstract
The technology of distributed registry, which revolutionary approach to recording and exchanging data between multiple data warehouses, is considered. The key features of distributed registry technology are highlighted and described. Particular attention is paid to blockchain technology and a directed acyclic graph. The principle of the operation of blockchain technology is described. All stages that go through transactions before they are added to the blockchain are graphically presented and described. All the main advantages of blockchain technology are described, and key network disadvantages are also presented. In describing the limitations of blockchain technology, real information was presented that confirms the existing flaws of this technology. Thanks to the optimized consensus mechanism, high scalability and the ability to carry out microtransactions, the technology of a directed acyclic graph is rapidly developing. The principle of operation of a directed acyclic graph is described and how the digraph differs from blockchain technology. The main advantages of a directed acyclic graph are described, which the digraph inherited from the blockchain and improved due to its structure. When comparing registers based on a directed acyclic graph and blockchain, interesting aspects of platforms can be identified. Despite the obvious similarities between paradigms, differences also persist. Based on the results, it becomes apparent that the future of distributed ledger technology is huge. Since a directed acyclic graph, due to its structure and advantages, has already overshadowed the blockchain architecture. The appearance of a directed acyclic graph will allow distributed registry technology to be introduced into all areas of activity on a global scale.References
Andina M. Explained: The technology behind bitcoin and blockchain. Available at: https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/beyond-thehype_explained-the-technology-behind-bitcoin-andblockchain/44885296 (accessed: 15.10.2019).
Momot T., Tumietto D., Teslenko R. Blockchain technology as an innovative instrument of digital economy: Technology essence, world experience and implementation problems. Suchasnyy stan naukovykh doslidzhen' ta tekhnolohiy v promyslovosti. 2018, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 137–145. doi: 10.30837/2522-9818.2018.6.137
Ray S. The difference between blockchains & distributed ledger technology. Available at: https://towardsdatascience.com/thedifference-between-blockchains-distributed-ledger-technology42715a0fa92 (accessed: 22.10.2019).
Anwar H. The ultimate comparison of different types of distributed ledgers: Blockchain vs hashgraph vs DAG vs holochain. Available at: https://101blockchains.com/blockchain-vs-hashgraph-vs-dag-vsholochain/ (accessed: 22.10.2019).
World Bank Group. Distributed ledger technology (DLT) and blockchain. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitst ream/handle/10986/29053/WP-PUBLIC-Distributed-LedgerTechnology-and-Blockchain-FintechNotes.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed: 03.11.2019).
Bank of England. The economics of distributed ledger technology for securities settlement. Available at: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/workingpaper/2017/the-economics-of-distributed-ledger-technology-forsecuritiessettlement.pdf?la=en=17895E1C1FEC86D37E12E4BE63BA9D974 1577FE (accessed: 05.11.2019).
Pervez H., Muneeb M., Irfan M. U., Haq I. A Comparative Analysis of DAG-Based Blockchain Architecture. 2018 12th International Conference on Open Source Systems and Technologies (ICOSST). IEEE Publ., 2018, pp. 27–34.
Bencic F.M., Zarko I. P. Distributed ledger technology: Blockchain compared to directed acyclic graph. 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). IEEE Publ., 2018, pp. 1569-1570.
Krychevska T. O. Tekhnolohiya rozpodilenoho reyestru: teoretykoinstytutsiyni zasady, potentsial, faktychni dosyahnennya ta sotsial'noekonomichne znachennya [Distributed ledger technology: theoretical and institutional foundations, potential, actual achievements, and socio-economic role]. Efektyvna ekonomika. 2018, vol. 11. doi: 10.32702/2307-2105-2018.11.84
Tijan E., Aksentijevic S., Ivanic K., Jardas M. Blockchain technology implementation in logistics. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2019, vol. 11, no 4, pp. 1185. doi: 10.3390/su11041185
Perboli G., Musso S., Rosano M. Blockchain in logistics and supply chain: A lean approach for designing realworld use cases. IEEE Access. 2018, vol. 6, pp. 62018–62028. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2875782
Khezr S., Moniruzzaman M., Yassine A. Blockchain technology in healthcare: A comprehensive review and directions for future research. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2019, vol. 9, no 9, pp. 1736. doi: 10.3390/app9091736
Agbo CC., Mahmoud QH., Eklund JM. Blockchain technology in healthcare: A systematic review. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2019, vol. 7, no 2, pp. 56. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7020056
Alammary A., Alhazmi S., Almasri M., Gillani S. Blockchain-Based Applications in Education: A Systematic Review. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. 2019, vol. 9, no 12, pp. 2400. doi: 10.3390/app9122400
Swan M. Blockchain: Blueprint for a new economy. Sebastopol, O’Reilly Media, 2015. 152 p. (Russ. ed.: Svon M. Blokcheyn: Skhema novoy ekonomiki. Moscow, Olimp-biznes Publ., 2017. 240 p.).
Bashir I. Mastering Blockchain: Distributed ledger technology, decentralization, and smart contracts explained. 2nd Revised ed. Birmingham, Packt Publishing Ltd, 2018. 656 p. (Russ. ed.: Bashir I. Blokcheyn: arkhitektura, kriptovalyuty, instrumenty razrabotki, smart-kontrakty. Moscow, DMK Press Publ., 2019. 538 p.).
Anisimov M. Chto takoe Blokcheyn? [What is blockchain?]. Available at: https://bytwork.com/articles/chto-takoe-blokcheyn (accessed: 20.11.2019).
Ferraro P., King C., Shorten R. Distributed Ledger Technology for Smart Cities, the Sharing Economy, and Social Compliance. IEEE Access. 2018. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2876766
Tabernakulov A., Koyfmann Ya. Blokcheyn na praktike [Blockchain in practice]. Moscow, Al'pina Pablisher Publ., 2019. 264 p.
Valley S. Gas – razbyraemsya s komyssyyamy v systeme Ethereum [Gas – deal with commissions in the Ethereum system]. Available at: https://medium.com/@smartplanetchannel/gas-разбираемся-скомиссиями-в-системе-ethereum-fae388b7cdf (accessed: 22.11.2019).
Rieth Y. Preimushchestva i nedostatki tekhnologii blokcheyn [Advantages and disadvantages of blockchain technology]. Available at: https://magazine.decenter.org/ru/1-blokchein-ikriptovalyuty/2-preimushestva-i-nedostatki-tekhnologii-blokchein (accessed: 25.11.2019).
Binance Academy. Blockchain advantages and disadvantages. Available at: https://www.binance.vision/blockchain/positives-andnegatives-of-blockchain (accessed: 25.10.2019).
Tirone J. Green-Power Bitcoin Miner Weighs IPO and Pleads for Regulation. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/ 2018-01-12/green-power-bitcoin-miner-weighs-ipo-and-pleads-forregulation (accessed: 28.10.2019).
Prusty N. Building blockchain projects. Birmingham, Packt Publishing Ltd, 2017. 268 p. (Russ. ed.: Prasti N. Blokcheyn. Razrabotka prilozheniy. St.Petersburg, BHV-Petersburg Publ., 2018. 256 p.).
PayKassa. Chto takoe ataka 51 %? [What is a 51% attack?]. Available at: https://blog.paykassa.pro/chto-takoe-ataka-51/ (accessed: 7.12.2019).
Advanced Blockchain AG. DAG based DLT Network. Available at: https://www.advancedblockchain.com/docs/DAG_ADVANCED_B LOCKCHAIN_AG.pdf (accessed: 10.12.2019).
Sachov S. O., Korotkyy Ye. V. Aparatnyy pryskoryuvach operatsiyi dokazu vykonanoyi roboty v kryptovalyuti IOTA [Hardware accelerator for Proof-Of-Work operation in IOTA cryptocurrency]. Mikrosystemy, Elektronika ta Akustyka. 2019, vol. 24, no 1. pp. 42– 52. doi: 10.20535/2523-4455.2019.24.1.167007
Prosto Coin. Chto takoe napravlennyy atsiklicheskiy graf (DAG) v kriptovalyute [What is a directed acyclic graph (DAG) in cryptocurrency]. Available at: https://prostocoin.com/blog/dag (accessed: 10.12.2019).
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Bulletin of National Technical University "KhPI". Series: System Analysis, Control and Information TechnologiesAuthors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
